Approximately 42 million (18.1% of population) people...

Approximately 42 million (18.1% of population) people smoke in the United States (CDC(a), 2014). Many public policies and initiatives have been launched to decrease the prevalence of smoking due to the harmful nature cigarette consumption has on overall health. Workplace smoking bans have been implemented over the past few decades to decrease cigarette consumption and to decrease secondhand smoke exposure to nonsmokers. These policies are implemented to increase worker health and productivity, and to save money for the firm through decreased healthcare costs. The main objective of this paper is to estimate the effect of workplace smoking bans on daily cigarette consumption. Introduction Health Effects of Smoking Smoking has long been†¦show more content†¦To reiterate this causal finding, a second CPS investigation took place in 1982 and found that the relative risk mentioned previously had risen to 22.36 for men and 11.94 for women (Thun, 2013). Smoking also causes other health problems like COPD. Data from the 1982 CPS shows that smokers have a relative risk of dying from COPD of 10.35 when compared to nonsmokers, and an updated cohort (2000-2010) finds that the relative risk increases to 22.35 among women (Thun, 2013). The same relative risks of dying from COPD among men are 9.98 in the 1982 cohort and 25.61 in the updated cohort (Thun, 2013). The existence of such high relative risks shows that smokers experience higher levels of adverse side effects due to cigarette consumption when compared to nonsmokers and establishes a causal relationship between cigarette consumption and COPD. Smoking has also been tied to many other forms of disease and cancer. The deadliest of all smoking related diseases is cardiovascular disease (HHS, 2014). Cigarette smokers are two to four times more likely to develop heart disease than nonsmokers, and smokers are twice as likely to have a stroke (CDC, 2012). These risks also manifest themselves to individuals who are exposed to secondhand smoke. Individuals exposed to secondhand smoke are 20-30% more likely to have a stroke than those not exposed to secondhand smoke (HHS, 2014). Secondhand smoke exposure has led to more than 2.5 million deaths since 1964, and

Transition from Print Media to New Media - 1989 Words

History of Media Assignment Submitted by: Nina George, Aashik.V.Ajith New media has emerged from the print media. But its target audience is different from that of print media. Today, we have young readers getting attracted towards new media. This is because they feel that they really don’t need to waste their time reading when they†¦show more content†¦So in such a scenario, is it just the print media that is dying? Is it not TV and radio too? Although, it is the print media which seems endangered, it is a fact that the success of any media tells upon another media. It is only a tug of war going among these, where the centre gets oscillated between the ends. Each has been devising ways to deal with the plus points of the other. TV is getting interactive, radio is getting gripping, newspapers and books are trying to get more attractive with the incorporation of visuals and graphics and interactivity to some extent, and all of them together are going online. Adaptability is crucial for existence. The bottom-line is if the print media continues to adapt to the changing media habits of people and corner its target readers well, it will survive. And it ought to do that for its good. Somehow, there is a feeling that even if it fails in that, the power of the written word will always be supreme. So while traditional media’s old channels – print and broadcast – are floundering, their online properties are thriving. In fact, I’d argue that the influence of traditional media outlets like theNew York Times and CNN are greater than ever. The internet and social networking sites have given traditional media outlets an audience beyond their once limited geographies. For example, take the Boston Globe.Show MoreRelatedPrint Media And Digital Media1740 Words   |  7 PagesThe print and the digital media have been in the forefront in acting as the social mirror reflecting on what goes on in the society. Thus when it is said that the print media is dead it becomes quite disturbing because traditionally it is known as the only tool that people have come to trust to deliver information in a holistic manner. Well, in the advertising world, it is assumed that the more the products are displayed in pages of magazines and newspapers; they are bound to be sold more becauseRead MoreUsa Today and Wall Street Journal Swot1643 Words   |  7 PagesDomestic Newspaper Compared to the WSJ, offered in London and a few select cities 5. Wide Range of Coverage That Does Not Target One Market Segment 6. More Popular in Lower Income Families (under $80,000) 7. Use Of Google Ads 8. Competition From TV and Radio Wall Street Journal Strengths: 1. Cheaper Technological Circulation 2. Globally Reliable Business Source for Relevant Economic Local and International Updates 3. Highest Circulation Nationwide 4. 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Now, I do the researchRead MoreThe Changes in Communication Technology and Media Have Changed the Way News Companies Produce and Distribute Information to the World1045 Words   |  5 Pages instant access to news and online magazines are considerable changes within the print media industry due the technological advancements since the late 1990’s. News content can now be streamed on any technological device, therefore the news can be now be carried around and checked at anytime and anywhere in the world instantly. News online is becoming a more convenient substitute for the old newspaper due to the convenience of the holding a small mobile device to look up news stories compared toRead MoreQuantitative Research Study Plan Essay2112 Words   |  9 PagesFor more than a century, the newspaper industry has been a dominant source of news in the U.S. (Stephens, 2010). Newspapers have experienced substantial declines in circulation, advertising sales, profitability, and readership (Tucker, 2009). Some print newspaper org anizations are transitioning to online news distribution models in an attempt to sustain their businesses. Such transitions require traditional print news media companies to conduct staff reductions, then offset the loss of high cost, highlyRead MoreDeath of the Newspaper: Where Will Journalism Go From Here?1337 Words   |  6 Pages The U.S. newspaper industry is in a time of transition. Ad revenue profits and print readership have been steadily declining for years and things are only continuing to get worse. As readers slowly gravitate towards the internet to fulfill their news needs, more and more newspapers are being forced to close their doors. In spite of this, the spirit of journalism cannot be allowed to die. Media expert Clay Shirky (2009, para. 10) writes that, â€Å"There is no general model for newspapers to replace

Management of Restaurant Circulates †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Management of Restaurant Circulates. Answer: Five amendments in the roster include: Due to a birthday event, Brett will be unavailable on 20th January, Friday. As Kylie has to attend a wedding, she will not be able to work on Saturday, 21st January, Saturday. Madeline has asked for Sunday and Monday as RDOs. As Sam has church every Sunday, he asked asked for Sunday as day off at work. As Tyler has study from Monday to Wednesday, he has not been given any shifts. Due to unavailability, Jessica has been given off on Wednesday and Thursday along with giving her a shift after 6 pm on Saturday due to her dance class. It is essential for the front of house employees of Futura restaurant to be aware of the roster a week before the commencing week. This will help the employees to schedule their other activities accordingly. The management of the restaurant circulates the prepared rosters in two ways among the front of house employees. Firstly, once prepared, the rosters are displayed in the notice board of the staff room. As a result, the staffs are able to view the rosters whenever they access the staff room and throughout the week. Secondly, the rosters are mailed to the staffs. Therefore, the staffs will be able to access the rosters according to their convenience. System of applying specific dates off work Firstly, the staffs need to inform the specific days off the work within the first two days of the previous week. This will be helpful as the rosters are made yet for the next week. Secondly, the staffs are also supposed to drop an email informing the week off along with mentioning the reason for such a request. At certain instances, the staffs have their special requirements due to which they ask for specific dates off the work. There needs to to be a systematic method that the staffs need to follow for requesting specific dates off at work. After preparing the roster for the week 16 January to 22 January 2017, the roster was evaluated to judge the suitability. In order to determine the effectiveness of the roster, the staff feedback was considered. After making the roster, it was seen that the staffs were happy with their allocated shift timings management. This is because the special requirements asked by the staffs were fulfilled while making the roster for the commencing week. As a result, the staffs were happy and gave positive feedback to the managers. Moreover, while making the roster, the peak hours of the restaurant was considered. Keeping in mind the type and way of service, shifts was allocated to experienced and full time workers. This resulted in high quality service for the customers. Thus, positive customer comments were also received from the customers while providing service.